Heart valve surgery in Iran: valve repair and replacement

Understand heart valve surgery, the options to discuss with a qualified clinician and what to confirm before planning a visit to Shiraz.

On this page

• What is heart valve surgery?
• Types of heart valve surgery
• Open-heart surgery
• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
• When is heart valve surgery needed?
• Leaky heart valve
• Narrowed Heart valve
• Quality of cardiology in Iran
• Preparing for heart valve surgery in Iran
• Recovering from heart valve surgery in Iran
• Heart valve surgery recovery at home
• A practical point for your care
• Planning treatment in Shiraz
• Sources

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Our heart is made up of four valves; mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary. These valves are in charge of controlling the flow of blood in and out of the heart. An abnormal heart valve cannot adequetly control the blood flow either because it is leaking or is too narrow to pass the blood. When the condition is diagnosed, the cardiologist may recommend heart valve surgery to repair or replace the diseased valve.

What is heart valve surgery?

Heart valve surgery is performed to restore the normal function of the valve. Depending on the severity of the patient’s condition, age, and overall health, the cardiologist decides to repair the heart valve or replace it. In either case, the condition should be addressed as soon as possible.

Heart valve surgery is usually performed on the aortic valve; but it can also treat mitral, tricuspid or pulmonary valve anomalies. With heart valve replacement, the surgeon might use mechanical valve replacement or use donor animal tissue.

Types of heart valve surgery

There are several approaches that a surgeon can take to repair or replace a heart valve. Regardless of the method, general anesthesia is administrated before the surgery. The main types of heart valve surgery procedures are as follows:

Open-heart surgery

The first step of the traditional type of surgery is making an incision in the middle of the chest. Then, the surgeon cuts the breast bone open to expose the heart. In most open-heart surgery procedures, a heart-lung machine is used to take over the functions of the heart, making it possible to stop the heartbeats temporarily. By doing so, the surgeon can perform the procedure on a still heart valve. Then, he or she cuts the aorta/mitral artery open to gain access to the valve. At this point, the surgeon can repair the heart valve or remove it entirely so that it can be replaced with a replacement valve. At the end of the surgery, the surgeon restarts the heart, detaches the heart-lung machine, and attaches a temporary pacemaker to the heart if needed.

In some cases, heart valve repair surgery can be performed using the robotic approach. This technique is minimally invasive and allows for an easier and quicker recovery. However, not everyone is eligible to undergo the Robotic-Assisted Heart Valve Repair. You can ask your surgeon whether this method is suitable for your case.

When the patient prefers not to undergo open-heart surgery or their health is not good enough to be eligible for the surgery, the cardiologist may suggest a less invasive alternative known as TAVR.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

Using real-time x-ray technology, a stent carrying a deflated valve replacement is inserted and threaded into the artery. Once the stent reaches the diseased artery, the heart valve replacement is inflated and pushes the old artery out of the way while taking its place.

The incision through which the valve is inserted is usually made in the groin. Sometimes, however, the incision needs to be made on some other areas on the body; such as under the collar bone or in front of the chest.

Transcatheter heart valve replacement can be performed while the heart is beating; which means it is far less invasive than the traditional approach to replace a heart valve and is usually recommended to patients who are at intermediate to high risk for open-heart surgery.

While not the preferred approach for treating mitral valve stenosis, the transcatheter approach can also be performed for mitral valve replacement. The method is called Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR).

When is heart valve surgery needed?

Your heart valves may be leaky or narrowed; this puts a lot of pressure on your heart and disrupts your blood flow. The abnormality in your heart valves might be congenital or due to acquired valve disease. Nevertheless, they can contribute to heart failure if left untreated. There are two types of heart valve abnormalities:

Leaky heart valve

A leaking valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow back into the ventricle. This leads to a condition called aortic regurgitation; a condition that could disrupt the heart’s efficiency to pump blood to the rest of the body.

Narrowed Heart valve

Narrowed aortic valve does not open completely, which restricts the amount of blood that enters the aorta. This condition is called mitral/aortic stenosis and can lead to reduction in or blockage of the blood flow.

When either one of these conditions occurs, the heart muscles can become enlarged and weakened, leading to heart failure. Heart failure is a serious, chronic condition with the following symptoms:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain (angina)
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Swollen legs
• Rapid heartbeat

Once the surgeon diagnoses your condition, you will be put through a series of tests to figure out the severity of the disease. Sometimes, monitoring the heart’s function and prescribing medications may suffice. In some severe cases, however, surgery may be needed.

Quality of cardiology in Iran

The Iranian society of cardiac surgeon’s accomplishments has earned them a reputation in the region. In 2008, the Iranian heart association became an affiliated member of the European Society of Cardiology, establishing Iran’s position as one of the top ten countries for cardiology treatments.

Furthermore, some of the most renowned cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in the world are Iranian. These highly educated doctors rely on their extensive knowledge and valuable experience to offer the best techniques to treat heart problems.

Preparing for heart valve surgery in Iran

During an online consultation with one of our healthcare coordinators, you will be given a set of instructions about how you can prepare for the procedure. The precautions could vary depending on the type of surgery and whether it is an open-heart procedure or a transcatheter approach.

• Your current medications and whether you should continue taking them before the surgery
• If you should have an accompanier during your stay in Iran
• How many days you should take off work
• The recommended diet to keep yourself healthy and prepared for the surgery
• If you should go through physical examinations back home or get them in Iran

Recovering from heart valve surgery in Iran

• Intensive Care Unit (ICU): Immediately after the surgery, you will be taken to an intensive care unit where the healthcare team monitors your vital functions.

Heart valve surgery recovery at home

• Diet: The ideal diet after heart valve surgery should be low in cholesterol and fat but high in fiber. Basically, your diet should include fruits of all types, vegetables, whole grains (Barley, brown rice, oatmeal, etc.), bread, and low-fat protein like fish and lean meat. You should also limit your intake of saturated fats, sugar, salt, and sodium.
• Medication: after heart valve surgery, some medications might be prescribed while some others might be limited. Your doctor may advise against taking dietary supplements like calcium.
• Activity: Your doctor will discuss with you activities you can or cannot perform during the recovery. Usually, open-heart surgery imposes some restrictions on the patient’s daily life after the surgery. Yet, healthy physical activities like walking will be encouraged.

A practical point for your care

Before an operation, the pre-assessment team should review your health, previous tests and all medicines and supplements. Ask for written instructions on medicines, eating, drinking and aftercare that apply to your planned procedure.^[1]

Planning treatment in Shiraz

Ask SanaMedTour about the appropriate specialty, appointment arrangements and practical support for your visit. The treating clinician confirms the diagnosis, treatment options, suitability and follow-up after assessment.

Request an itemised written quote identifying the clinician, facility, tests, treatment, medicines, reviews and any accommodation or transfers included.

Sources

Editorial adaptation: 25 October 2026. General information for planning and discussion; your clinician’s individual instructions take priority.