Understand bunion surgery, the options to discuss with a qualified clinician and what to confirm before planning a visit to Shiraz.
Key points
- Discuss your individual suitability, alternatives and risks with the treating clinician.
- Ask for written preparation and recovery instructions, including your medicines and follow-up.
- Confirm the healthcare facility, full costs and arrangements before booking travel.
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What is a bunion?
Bunions, technically called hallux valgus deformity, are bony bumps that appear at the base of the big toe. They emerge when tissue or bone around the joint is enlarged. Most of the times, the condition occurs due to hereditary bone structure and develops slowly during the person’s life. But, wearing shoes that do not fit well or are too narrow can speed up its progress. Aside from running in the family, bunions can also be formed due to conditions such as flat feet, hypermobility of the big toe or arthritis. Some physicians argue that ill-fitting shoes might similarly contribute to the formation of bunions if the person is genetically at risk.
Bunions are bony bumps that appear at the base of the big toe.
Bunionette is another condition related to the bulging lump on the joint. A bunionette is referred to the bulging joint of the little toe. It is also known as tailors’ bunion. Tailors used to spend hours sitting crossed leg. Hence, the outside of their feet usually developed bulging lumps.
When should I have bunion surgery?
Bunions do not concern most people as long as they are simply bony bumps on the side of their feet. But these lumps might eventually grow and stick out. This can lead to pain and further push the big toe sideways. As a result, you might experience certain symptoms including:
- Big toe’s deformity
- Pain even with normal walking or wearing wider shoes
- Swelling and inflammation of the big toe
- Difficulty moving the big toe
- Struggling to find shoes that feet
Types of bunion surgery
There are various types of bunion surgery aiming to either reposition the bone or remove a part of the tissue. Some of these techniques might be performed simultaneously for severe bunions. The surgeon chooses the type of surgery he or she wants to perform depending on certain factors, including:
- The degree of bunion deformity
- Whether the bunion includes inflamed tissue as well as enlarged bone
- The effect of a bunion on nearby toes
- Your age
- Your physical condition
Most surgical methods to correct a bunion involve bone repositioning. They could also include removing a part of the tissue, realigning ligaments or performing surgery on other toes. The following are the main techniques performed during bunionectomy:
Osteotomy
The surgeon cuts a section of the bone to realign the malpositioned joint. This is performed for moderate bunions and is usually done along with repositioning the ligaments. Once the joint is balanced, the break will be fixed using pins, screws, or plates. Sometimes, some bone shaving is also done to remove the excess bone.
Exostectomy
This procedure refers to removing some excess bone from the inside of the foot. For optimal results, exostectomy is often performed with osteotomy.
Arthrodesis
This type of bunionectomy is primarily performed on severe or arthritic bunions. During surgery, the surgeon removes the affected areas and uses screws or wires to hold the bones together during healing.
Ligaments repairing
This is a technique to repair the tendons and ligaments that are causing an imbalance. In most cases, this method is an adjunctive surgical operation. By repairing the ligament, the surgeon can make sure the bunion does not recur. Joint replacement In rare cases, the joint inflammation is so severe that the surgeon has to remove the entire joint and use joint replacements instead.
Iranian orthopedists
Iranian orthopedists are attentive to the needs and expectations of their patients. They are extremely devoted and make sure you are provided with the best result possible. Having received their fellowships at some of the best universities in Iran and around the globe, Iranian orthopedic surgeons use the most recent medical knowledge to perform each procedure. Be it a knee replacement procedure or bunion removal surgery, they perform each and every procedure with the utmost dedication.
Bunion surgery preparation
Tests and examinations are a vital part of every procedure. Before the surgery, your doctor may ask for your complete medical history and then perform several tests, including:
- X-ray
- Blood test
- Electrocardiogram
- Urine test
You might be advised to take certain measures before the surgery. These instructions may vary based on your physical condition and the type of bunion surgery. The main tips you should follow before bunion surgery are as follows:
- Inform your healthcare provider about the medications you are currently taking.
Bunion surgery risks
Any surgical operation has some degree of risks and bunion surgery is no exception. Some possible complications after bunion surgery include:
- Numbness
- Stiffness in the foot
- Infection
- Constant pain
- Nerve damage
In very rare cases, there is also the risk of bunion recurrence. Anesthesia can also lead to some complications in itself. By learning about the procedure and choosing a highly experienced surgeon, you can minimize the risks. It’s okay to be concerned about the procedure; you can share your uncertainties with one of our medical consultants during a free online consultation.
A practical point for your care
Before an operation, the pre-assessment team should review your health, previous tests and all medicines and supplements. Ask for written instructions on medicines, eating, drinking and aftercare that apply to your planned procedure.[1]
Planning treatment in Shiraz
Ask SanaMedTour about the appropriate specialty, appointment arrangements and practical support for your visit. The treating clinician confirms the diagnosis, treatment options, suitability and follow-up after assessment.
Request an itemised written quote identifying the clinician, facility, tests, treatment, medicines, reviews and any accommodation or transfers included.
Sources
[1] NHS: Preparing for surgery — supports the individual-care planning note above. ↑ Back to text
Editorial adaptation: 25 October 2026. General information for planning and discussion; your clinician’s individual instructions take priority.